Embedded Files
Gamelan orchestra of the Regent of Badung, outside the palace, c. 1870, Albumen print
Degung music, a traditional Sundanese ensemble, has traveled an extraordinary journey. Once an exclusive symbol of aristocratic power, its rich tones and melodies now resonate in pop, fusion, and even hip-hop tracks. This transformation mirrors Indonesia’s own transition from feudal aristocracy to a vibrant democracy. By understanding Degung’s story, we gain insight into how music can connect past and present, uniting cultures and generations.
The Origins of Degung
The Origins of Degung
Once upon a time, music wasn’t for everyone. Shiny bronze instruments, glowing in the sunlight, made sounds that only the wealthiest could afford to hear. Bronze was expensive and tough to make, a material that screamed power and money. These instruments weren’t just for playing music. They were status symbols. Degung music wasn’t just entertainment. It was a way for the rich to say, “Look how important I am.” For most people, hearing Degung was rare and felt like catching a glimpse of something magical.
Feudal Control and Cultural Divides
Feudal Control and Cultural Divides
Back then, regional leaders called Bupati were in charge of everything, from politics to culture. They used treasures like Degung to show their authority. Degung was only played during grand palace events or special ceremonies, reserved for the elite. Sometimes, it was performed outside the palace or on the gates leading to the town square, giving regular people a chance to hear it. Even those moments were carefully planned to keep people loyal while reminding them of their lower status. Music and art were tied to power, and the Bupati made sure everyone knew who was in control.
Bupati of Soemenep with his servant, 1865. KITLV
A Turning Point: Modernizing Degung
A Turning Point: Modernizing Degung
Things started to change in the early 20th century. The Bupati of Bandung let Degung musicians perform during the dance drama Lutung Kasarung at a Java Instituut conference. This was a big deal for Degung. New instruments, like the suling (bamboo flute) and kendang (drums), were added, giving the music more emotion and variety. Musicians started experimenting, and groups like Purwasaka created new pieces. They kept the traditional Degung vibe but made it easier for more people to enjoy.
A Turning Point: Modernizing Degung
A Turning Point: Modernizing Degung
Things started to change in the early 20th century. The Bupati of Bandung let Degung musicians perform during the dance drama Lutung Kasarung at a Java Instituut conference. This was a big deal for Degung. New instruments, like the suling (bamboo flute) and kendang (drums), were added, giving the music more emotion and variety. Musicians started experimenting, and groups like Purwasaka created new pieces. They kept the traditional Degung vibe but made it easier for more people to enjoy.
Post-Independence Transformation and Democratization
Post-Independence Transformation and Democratization
By the 1950s, after Indonesia became independent and transitioned from aristocratic rule to a democracy, Degung took on a new role. This shift reflected broader societal changes as cultural symbols once exclusive to the elite were embraced by the wider public. Degung, once tied to the power of the aristocracy, became a celebration of the collective Sundanese identity, reflecting the values of unity and equality brought by democratization. It became a symbol of Sundanese identity. Radio stations played its melodies, and what used to be music for the elite became something everyone could enjoy. Songs like Reumbeuy Bandung and Palsiun became classics, blending old traditions with modern styles.
Take Reumbeuy Bandung. At first, it might seem like a simple song about food, but it’s more than that. Its lyrics are based on Sisindiran, a type of Sundanese poetry that uses hidden meanings. The unique sounds of the Sundanese language, especially the vowel “eu,” make this song unforgettable.
*Palsiun / Bungur - Kembang Bungur / Reumbeuy BandungPerformed by Mang Engkos, Mrs. H. St. Rokayah, and Euis Komariah ℗ 1996 PAN RecordsDegung in Modern Times
Degung in Modern Times
These days, Degung has found new ways to stay alive. You can hear it in pop songs, fusion music, and even hip-hop. A great example is the hip-hop track Colenak by Sundanis. This rap group uses gamelan samples to mix traditional Degung sounds with modern beats. This mix of old and new shows how Degung connects generations and stays fresh in today’s music scene.
Lagu Klasik
Lagu Klasik
Colenak - Een Ratnaningsih
Pop Sunda
Pop Sunda
Colenak - Detty Kurnia
Rap
Rap
Colenak - Sundanis
The Enduring Legacy of Degung
Degung isn’t just music. It’s a story of creativity and cultural pride. Its journey from palace halls to modern playlists shows how tradition can grow and adapt. Whether it’s a traditional ensemble or a bold hip-hop remix, Degung reminds us that music can bring the past and the future together in surprising ways.
Share This Post with Friends 📢
Share This Post with Friends 📢
about aagils
about aagils
My name is Gilang. I’m a multimedia designer based in Jakarta with 8+ years of experience crafting designs that speak to people. I love turning ideas into visuals that inspire. When I’m not designing, you’ll often find me diving into a good book, exploring creative inspirations, or on a quest to discover the perfect bowl of noodle.
Page updated
Google Sites
Report abuse